Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Morphologic Analysis of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Seung Seok Lee, Myunghee Kang, Seung Yeon Ha, Jungsuk An, Mee Sook Roh, Chang Won Ha, Jungho Han; Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):16-20. Published online February 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2013.47.1.16

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Background

Few studies on how to diagnose pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors through morphometric analysis have been reported. In this study, we measured and analyzed the characteristic parameters of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors using an image analyzer to aid in diagnosis.

Methods

Sixteen cases of typical carcinoid tumor, 5 cases of atypical carcinoid tumor, 15 cases of small cell carcinoma, and 51 cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma were analyzed. Using an image analyzer, we measured the nuclear area, perimeter, and the major and minor axes.

Results

The mean nuclear area was 0.318±0.101 µm² in typical carcinoid tumors, 0.326±0.119 µm² in atypical carcinoid tumors, 0.314±0.107 µm² in small cell carcinomas, and 0.446±0.145 µm² in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. The mean nuclear circumference was 2.268±0.600 µm in typical carcinoid tumors, 2.408±0.680 µm in atypical carcinoid tumors, 2.158±0.438 µm in small cell carcinomas, and 3.247±1.276 µm in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. All parameters were useful in distinguishing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from other tumors (p=0.001) and in particular, nuclear circumference was the most effective (p=0.001).

Conclusions

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors showed nuclear morphology differences by subtype. Therefore, evaluation of quantitative nuclear parameters improves the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis.

Citations

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Young Bae Choi, Go Eun Bae, Na Hee Lee, Jung-Sun Kim, Soo Hyun Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo
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Morphologic Alteration of Metastatic Neuroblastic Tumor in Bone Marrow after Chemotherapy
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Two Cases of Giant Cell Tumor of the Bone Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.: Na Hye Myong, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang, Goo Hyun Baek, Soo Yong Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(1):93-97.

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Abstract PDF: Two cases of giant cell tumor of bone diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology are described. Case 1 was a 28-year -old male who had pain sense for one year at the right distal thigh. His radiologic finding revealed a destructive cortical lesion with soft tissue extension at medial side of epiphysis of the distal femur. Case 2 was a 21-year-old female complaining pain at left distal forearm for eight months and showed a well-demarcated expansile osteolytic lesion with multisepatation, and cortical destruction at epiphysis and metaphysis of the left distal radius on the X-ray. Fine needle aspiration of each lesion was performed. The aspirate of the case 1 reveated moderate cellularity, which was composed of scattered giant cells of osteoclastic type and small round to oval monotonous stromal cells in large areas. Giant cells were evenly distributed in single or small groups and had irregular but abundant cytoplasms with 10 to 20 nuclei in the center. The nuclei showed ovoid shape, fine granular chromatin, and a small but conspicuous nucleolus, Stromal cells were dispersed in isolated pattern or sometimes aggregated in clusters and showed the same nuclei as those of giant cells and scanty cytoplasms, Comparing to case 1, case 2 had a more translucent abundant cytoplasm in the giant cells and more spindled stromal cells, All two cases revealed neither nuclear atypism nor increased abnormal mitoses in both giant and stromal cells, suggesting no evidence of malignancy. Thereafter the lesions were treated with excision and curettage and histologically confirmed as giant cell tumors of the bone.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung: report of two cases.: Na Hye Myong, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):28-35.

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Abstract PDF: So-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm which usually presents with a coin lesion detected through routine chest X-ray. We report two cases showing characteristic cytologic appearances which have been rarely reported. Both cases were young females with coin lesions in the lung. Fine needle aspiration of each case revealed unique but some different cytologic features. Case 1 showed bland-looking polygonal epithelial cells resembling bronchioloalveolar cells having predominantly papillary configurations with loosely arranged solid sheets or isolated cells. Cytoplasms were plump, cyanophilic, and finely granular, with eccentric nuclei. The nuclei were usually monotonous, round-to-ovoid, and vesicular with a small but conspicuous nucleolus. In comparison to case 1, case 2 revealed largely loose pavement-like solid sheets or clusters rather than papillary patterns in the hemorrhagic background. The size of tumor cells were a little smaller than that of case 1. Bronchiotoalveolar carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of metastatic origin were considered to be one of the important differential diagnoses with these cytologic features. Histologically, both cases exhibited findings compatible with so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung.

Histopathologic Change and Apoptotic Profile in Basal Ganglia of Rat Induced by Manganese Administration.: Chang Won Ha, Jong Im Lee, Jung Ran Kim, Tae Jung Jang, Ki Kwon Kim, Dong Hoon Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(6):419-430.

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Abstract PDF: Mn (manganese) is known to induce Parkinsonian neurological disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis is involved not only in physiological cell death during normal development but also in neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of Mn induced cell death remains poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the morphologic changes and apoptotic profile in basal ganglia using rat model of Mn toxicity. The rats were divided into three groups: the first group was a control; the second group was subdivided by administration dosage of Mn into group A (5, 10 mg MnC12/ kg) and group B (20, 40 mg MnC12/kg). The rats of each subgroup received a injection of Mn via tail vein every week for 4 weeks. The second group received 4 repeated injection of 10 mg MnC12/kg in the same manner and the rats were sacrificed at day 1, 3 & 7 in group I and at day 10, 21, 42, and 90 in group II after the last injection. A significant loss of neuron and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia in the experimental groups (p<0.05), which were more pronounced in group II than in the control or group I. No significant difference in number of nerve cells or degree of gliosis was identified in the substantia nigra. Apoptotic cells were also increased in basal ganglia of experimental groups and appeared among neurons (10%), glial cells (10%), and endothelial cells (60%). Apoptotic figures were consistently noted through the entire experimental period after Mn injection in basal ganglia. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that Mn-induced cytopathic insult affects various cell types in basal ganglia and shows variable sensitivity in the different regions of brain, especially in the apoptotic cell death of the neuron. The overaccumulation of Mn in the brain might be attributed from the breakdown of blood-brain barrier due to the injury through the apoptosis.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Two Cases of Leiomyosarcoma.: Chang Won Ha, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(2):147-151.

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Abstract PDF: Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissue is a well-defined and characteristic entity histologically, but cytomorphological studes are lacking. A correlative cytological study of 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma is presented. The smears from case 1 were rich in tumor cells and most cells were arranged in large sheets or clusters. The cells showed round to oval nuclei containing fine chromatin and small prominent nucleoli. The smears from case 2 were moderate in cellularity with loose clusters or isolated cells. The characteristic blunt-ended and cigar-shaped nuclei containing coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli were identified in case 2. Nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli and high cellularity permit diagnosis of malignancy, although the atypia is generally less pronounced than in the histology. The cytological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma may be auxiliary in the diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis in the patients with alleged leiomyosarcoma.

Analytic study of 362 bile cytologic materials.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):73-78.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Background cytologic features of metastatic carcinomas in the liver in fine needle aspiration cytology: analysis of 20 cases-.: Na Hye Myong, Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):90-97.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effusion cytology of squamous cell carcinoma.: Na Hye Myong, Jae Soo Ko, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(1):12-18.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast.: Kyung Ja Cho, Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Han, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):52-59.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of secretory carcinoma of the breast: a case report.: Chang Won Ha, Jae Soo Koh, Na Hye Myong, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(1):25-29.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A case of hepatic actinomycosis disgnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.: Chang Won Ha, Jae Soo Koh, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):100-103.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effusion cytology of multiple myeloma: a case report.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):90-93.

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Aspiration cytology of pilomatrixoma.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(1):25-28.

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Effusion cytology of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma.: Jae Soo Koh, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(1):74-76.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Poorly Differentiated ""Insular Carcinoma"" of the Thyroid: A Case Report.: Seung Sook Lee, Chang Won Ha, Kyung Ja Cho, Ja June Jang; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):35-40.

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Abstract PDF: A case of poorly differentiated "insular" carcinoma of the thyroid is presented and discussed with references to the literature. In fine needle aspiration cytology of our case, the aspirates were highly cellular with tumor cells appearing as dispersed isolated cells as well as in dense clusters and syncytial formations. Occasional microfollicles containing colloid were evident. Most of nuclei were fairly uniform with considerable variability and a few showed definite atypical features. Nuclear grooving was additional features. Necrotic debris was not seen. Our cytologic findings were correlated well with histology, confirming typical insular pattern of tumor cells with the presence of occasional pleomorphic cells and papillary carcinoma-like features. With much attention to cytological features of insular carcinoma, it would be possible to diagnose a preoperative suggestive diagnosis, even though not definitive.

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